From Accession to Abrogation, the Struggle Lives On

From Accession to Abrogation, the Struggle Lives On

October 27 is remembered as a Black Day in the history of Indian illegally occupied Jammu & Kashmir. It was on this day in 1947 that Indian troops entered Srinagar, marking the beginning of a long and painful chapter for the people of IIoJK. What was promised as freedom after the end of British rule turned instead into decades of conflict, loss, and suffering.


By AIMA AFRAZ

For Kashmiris, this day is not just a date, it is a memory of injustice and unfulfilled promises. Every year, people in Pakistan and across the world observe October 27 to express solidarity with the people of IIoJK and to remind the world of their right to self-determination.


India’s promise of a plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir remains one of the most glaring unfulfilled commitments in modern history. When Maharaja Hari Singh, the then ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, faced resistance from Kashmiris in 1947, he hesitated to join either India or Pakistan. However, on 27 October 1947, without the consent of his people, he signed the controversial Instrument of Accession limited to defense, foreign affairs, and communications. India used this document to justify the entry of its troops into Kashmir, promising that the people’s will would later be ascertained through a UN-supervised plebiscite.


The UN Security Council resolutions of 1948 and 1949 explicitly called for a free and impartial plebiscite under international supervision. Yet, decades later, that promise stands betrayed, replaced by coercion, military occupation, and unilateral actions that have eroded both international law and the principle of self-determination.


For Kashmiris, October 27 represents the start of an endless fight, a fight not only for territory, but for identity, dignity, and the right to live in peace. Even after seven decades, the pain of that day has not faded. The people of IIoJK continue to live under heavy military presence, facing restrictions, fear, and uncertainty. Yet their spirit of resistance and hope remains alive. It is the day that reminds us of the innumerable sacrifices made by innocent people who are trapped in an unprecedented tragedy. October 27 serves as a reminder that peace in South Asia will remain incomplete until justice is delivered and the people of Kashmir are given the freedom they were once promised.



Today, the echoes of that day continue to resonate. Kashmir is still under dark shadow of war, and pain and resilience are interwoven into its fabric. The voices of Kashmiris, soft whispers in the air or loud demands for liberty, still continue to seek the world's attention. Each family touched by the brutality has a tale of loss. Each young Kashmiri hoping to have a brighter tomorrow has a mountain to climb that many can't even imagine. But in this blackness lies hope. Hope that justice will win, hope that peace will prevail, hope that the world will hear.



The abrogation of Article 370 on 5 August 2019 marked a new phase in India’s control over Jammu and Kashmir, one that deepened the existing occupation under the guise of “integration.” Overnight, the region was stripped of its limited autonomy, divided into two federally administered territories, and placed under one of the longest communications blackouts in history. Tens of thousands of additional troops were deployed, transforming Kashmir into one of the most militarized zones in the world. Political leaders were detained, journalists silenced, and dissent criminalized. India introduced settler-style policies allowing non-residents to buy land and obtain domicile certificates, altering the region’s demography and undermining its Muslim-majority identity.


These measures reflected a colonial logic of domination, subjugating the land while erasing its political agency. Schools, media, and public spaces became tools of propaganda, projecting a false image of “normalcy” while everyday life was suffocated by fear and surveillance. The abrogation thus symbolized not integration but subjugation, a continuation of the betrayal that began with the fraudulent accession of 1947. Yet, amidst this orchestrated silence, the spirit of resistance endures. IIoJK’s struggle today is not just for autonomy but for dignity, for the right to exist freely on its own land and to reclaim its stolen voice before the world.


To those of us who observe from a distance, October 27 is a reminder to sense the suffering that has endured for decades, to give respect to the lives turned upside down, and to stand with a people whose struggle for justice is far from complete. Today reminds us that beneath the political differences are actual human beings mothers waiting for their children who were lost, children hoping for a fear-free future, and communities hoping for peace. The narrative of IIoJK is not simply about the past; it is the current reality of millions.


As we recall October 27, let us keep in our hearts the human spirit that persists against adversity. Let us pledge ourselves to compassion, knowledge, and action. Because justice delayed is justice denied, and IIoJK’s pursuit of justice is a call we cannot afford to ignore.

Aima Afraz is a student of International Relations at the National University Of Modern Languages  and is currently serving as an intern at the Kashmir Institute of International Relations(KIIR).

 

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